Fake News undermines democracy …and confuses expert researchers

Two reports in 2018 tried to examine the difficult phenomenon of fake news.

The AEJ issued a road map on how to respond after a detailed consultation by Irina Nedeva, its adviser on fake news issues, with input from the AEJ UK’s William Horsley, former BBC Europe correspondent, and Rick Thompson, former BBC News executive.  Irina Nedeva had earlier published a guide to fake news.
The AEJ road map recommends: invest in media literacy, boost professional journalism, create incentives for ethical media, and increase awareness of political misuse of news.

Across the Atlantic in the USA, Nieman Lab had a disturbing report on how difficult deciphering false information from reality is even for expert researchers.
AEJ fake news guide
AEJ roadmap on fake news
Nieman Lab report

And there was some early examination of fake news as we entered the era of Donald Trump and post truth at the beginning of 2017.
Open letter from White House press corps
The New York Times on fake news
Who to blame
Prospects for the American press under Trump part 1
Prospects for the American press under Trump part 2
Nieman Lab on prospects for journalism in 2017 – part 1
Nieman Lab on prospects for journalism in 2017 – part 2