Coronavirus
The Present
The UK
has reversed course on opening up from Covid 19 lockdown. Prime Minister
Boris Johnson announced
new restrictions and promised stricter enforcement from September 24 as
cases rose, more people were admitted to hospital, and the reproduction rate
of infection increased. And the UK’s finance minister Rishi Sunak has
extended and revised
financial support for workers and businesses that was due to end in
October. Johnson indicated his new restrictions could last up to six months.
His new measures came as he faced growing
pressures inside his Conservative party over both restrictions and the
arbitrary use of emergency powers without Parliamentary scrutiny – as
well as disquiet about breaching
international law over Brexit that also prompted high profile human
rights lawyer Amal
Clooney to resign as the UK's special envoy on media freedom. The
Johnson's government balancing
of conflicting pressures to reduce restrictions or make them even
stronger seems to have reflected public
opinion about what was needed. But the resurgence of the coronavirus
epidemic is a blow to his hopes for an emergence from lockdown and a quick
economic recovery – hopes that took shape stutteringly and slowly only
a few weeks earlier. Most schools reopened and students returned in the first
week of September – with a
few reports of problems and despite much debate
and concern about both safety and education. And there were also glimmers
of a return to work. At the time they were welcome signs for the
government as Johnson has pushed hard for both to support an economic
recovery. His government has been beset by a series of mistakes and
embarrassing policy
u-turns over the past six months that have eroded trust, virtually erased
his party’s lead in public opinion polling and even dropped his approval
rating below Opposition leader Keir Starmer’s in some
polls - although he may
have kept it in key former opposition Labour areas he won in the December
election. All of this has worried
some of his own members of Parliament about retaining their voters’
support.
Perhaps the biggest break in public trust came in late May after the Guardian
and Daily Mirror newspapers revealed that Johnson’s key adviser Dominic
Cummings broke the government’s own lockdown rules – a
revelation that prompted a clamour
for his dismissal and calamitous
poll numbers for the prime minister. But Cummings was so important to
Johnson that he refused to drop him, mounted a robust defence, and managed to
keep Cummings in his job – but not stifle the criticism.
Not
so hidden agendas
Amidst the
confusion and controversy brought by the coronavirus, Boris Johnson’s
office has kept pushing its key agendas such as revamping
the civil service – replacing a series
of key civil servants including the
top one – and pursuing a hard Brexit, including the appointment of controversial
former Australian prime minister Tony Abbott as a trade adviser.
And so far the government has faced little scrutiny of who’s
making money from it – a
question not unique to the UK – as well as questionable
practice in awarding multi-million pound contracts. But there remain a daunting
list of questions and decisions for the rest of the year and undoubtedly
further debate about its past decisions and competence.
At first, in early March, the government had wide support for many emergency
measures and its lockdown policies but soon faced criticism of how well they
were delivered - on hospital equipment, personal protective equipment for
health care workers, nursing and care homes, and testing and prevention. And
it continued
to face questions about the timing and effect of post-lockdown measures,
a questionable
virus testing and tracing system that was still
not working effectively five months after it started, and future
protection of the public. Key scientists, health
system administrators, medical groups, and education
organizations have all raised criticisms of government actions. And
belatedly so did the main opposition Labour party, after it elected its
new leader Keir Starmer in early April. He has persisted in asking
pointed questions in what‘s seen as an effective
forensic style. Until his election, journalists carried much of the
responsibility for scrutinising the UK government in the first three months
of the year as opposition parties struggled to come to terms with the
Conservative government’s surprise sweep of seats in December's
election muting much opposition scrutiny, first of Brexit and then of the
virus crisis, as they were overwhelmed by a combination of the election
result, government manoeuvring, and the complexity of both major issues.
Starmer won election
as Labour leader at the same time as Prime Minister Boris Johnson himself
recovered from a
week in hospital including 3 days in intensive care with the Covid-19
virus, and the Queen made a rare
unscheduled speech to the British public –only her 5th
in 67 years - and issued
another rare message at Easter. Boris Johnson was admitted
to hospital after more than 10 days in home isolation because of
suspected Covid-19 symptoms and was moved to intensive care a day later. His officials insisted he was still in
charge of the government with journalists largely wondering how the prime
minister was ill enough to be in hospital but well enough to run the country.
The Future
There has of course been much thoughtful
examination about the medium and long term impact of Covid-19 – among
others, these series on BBC Radio 4: Fallout
and The Briefing Room,
Chatham House on democracy
in Europe, an Asian perspective on the
future of globalization, The Telegraph’s next
100 days in the UK. How will this pandemic change our societies, our
economies, our relationships, and our attitudes? And of course it’s
raising questions about the EU – particularly
from Italy - along with the more general impact on international
relationships and multinational organizations. AEJ UK secretary Charles
Jenkins has
this look at the EU – the good and the bad.
The Media
The coronavirus
pandemic has marked a worrying new wave of serious threats and attacks on
media freedom in Europe said the latest annual report of the Council of
Europe Platform to Promote the Protection of Journalism and Safety of
Journalists. In a report titled “Hands Off Press Freedom: Attacks on
Media in Europe must not become a New Normal” the fourteen member press
freedom organisations including the AEJ documented how several Council of
Europe member states have detained journalists for critical reporting, vastly
expanded surveillance, and passed new laws to punish “fake news”
even as they decide themselves what is allowable and what is false without
the oversight of appropriate independent bodies. The report – available in full here
– said these threats risk a tipping point in the fight to preserve a
free media in Europe and aggravate an already gloomy outlook.
The AEJ has played an active part with other media freedom organisations to
highlight such attempts as detailed in this
report from William Horsley, AEJ media freedom representative and UK
chairman.
And in
a statement marking World Press Freedom Day on May 3, Council of Europe
Secretary General Marija Pejčinović Burić urged governments to
avoid misusing the COVID-19 situation to silence or hinder journalists.
Misuse of emergency measures
As many
governments introduced sweeping laws to deal with the Covid-19 pandemic, the AEJ has joined other media
freedom groups in two urgent calls to European leaders to protect media
freedom. They have called for “determined actions” from the
Council of Europe, the 47-nation treaty-based human rights organisation, to
protect the free flow of information and journalists’ right to report
amid fears of a potentially dangerous slide towards authoritarianism and
police-state societies. In particular the open letter cites Hungary - where
the prime minister has open-ended powers to rule by decree and journalists
and others are subject to prison sentences for promoting alleged “false
information” or impeding government orders – as well as Slovenia
and the Czech Republic which have suspended usual press conferences open to
questions from journalists.
“The present emergency situation represents a
critical threat both to public health and to the civil and political rights
of people across Europe,” said William Horsley, AEJ media freedom
representative and AEJ UK chairman. “Now is the time for free and
independent media and for all those who believe in basic democratic standards
and open government, to combine forces and to uphold the free flow of information
and the inalienable rights of everyone as guaranteed under the European
Convention on Human Rights.”
Please see the open letter
here to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe, and the current
and next presidents of the Committee of Ministers, the organisation’s
executive decision-making body.
It follows an urgent warning against
misuse of emergency laws from the AEJ and partner organisations to the
presidents of the European Commission, the European Council, and European
Parliament. It emphasizes that the free flow of independent news is essential
both to maintain accurate information to the public and to ensure public
scrutiny and debate on emergency measures, and notes all such measures must
be necessary, proportionate, temporary and strictly time-limited, and subject
to regular scrutiny to ensure excessive powers do not undermine democratic
balances, including the free press.
The urgent letter supports
a joint statement from three global special rapporteurs on freedom of
expression with the UN, OSCE and the OAS and is signed by:
AEJ
ARTICLE 19
European Centre for Press and
Media Freedom (ECPMF)
European Federation of
Journalists
Free Press Unlimited (FPU)
Index on Censorship
International Federation of
Journalists
International Press Institute
(IPI)
Reporters Without Borders (RSF)
The open letter is also
available here on the International Press Institute website.
Coronavirus coverage
There is a global
study showing a majority of the public around the world get their
information about coronavirus from mainstream media – yet journalists
are their least trusted source. Please see
this report in the UK Press Gazette and here
for more on coronavirus coverage in the UK.
The AEJ International site has interesting links to EU coverage of the
coronavirus story on its home page.
How personal
data could contribute to a cure
EU
response to Covid 19 – every government for itself
Virus cartoons
Five
decisions the EU should make
Brexit
Musings on “mad Brexit disease”
It’s a
sad day for Europe but a chance to reform the EU writes AEJ President and
Austrian journalist Otmar Lahodynsky. He describes the UK’s exit from
the EU as “slamming shut a door which is unlikely to re-open for at
least a decade” - but it does allow the EU to shape its future without
constant opposition from London.
And David Haworth, long-time correspondent in Brussels and a founding member
and former president of the British section of AEJ, has these reflections on
“mad Brexit disease” and the long and winding road of the UK to
Europe and back.
Done?
The
United Kingdom has officially left the European Union - at midnight Central
European Time on January 31. For a range of news coverage and what it means
please see these links:
https://apnews.com/e48bf51838ced94e2d92adba189b4944
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-51333314
https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/10858199/brexit-news-uk-live-eu-latest/
https://www.theguardian.com/politics/live/2020/feb/01/brexit-britain-wakes-up-to-uncertain-future-after-uk-leaves-eu-live-news-and-updates
https://inews.co.uk/news/politics/brexit/what-happens-after-brexit-day-uk-transition-period-when-leaving-eu-date-explained-1373410
https://edition.cnn.com/europe/live-news/brexit-day-uk-leaves-eu-gbr-intl/index.html
https://www.foxnews.com/category/world/world-regions/europe/brexit
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/01/brexit-uk-officially-leaves-european-union-200131211418625.html
https://www.gov.uk/transition
https://www.gov.uk/staying-uk-eu-citizen
Brexit
and Quebec separatism
Nick Hopkinson, AEJ member and a former director of Wilton Park, the Foreign
and Commonwealth Office policy forum, finds some striking parallels between
the long campaign for independence in his native Quebec and Brexit in the UK.
And in this article
– first published in February 2020 in The
New European - he argues the Quebec experience can provide some insights
into how the Brexit process may unfold in the United Kingdom.
Gambling
on the future
UK
Prime Minister Boris Johnson won his bet on the future of Britain in a snap
election on December 12. Voters woke up on Friday the 13th to a thumping
Conservative majority, the resignations of both main opposition party
leaders – Labour’s
Jeremy Corbyn and the Liberal
Democrats’ Jo Swinson, and a resurgent Scottish
National Party seeking the independence of Scotland. Johnson’s
Conservatives won the biggest Conservative majority – 80 seats - since
Margaret Thatcher in 1987 despite taking less than 44% of the national vote
and a mandate to deliver its simple election message of “Get Brexit
Done”. But their promise to leave the EU on January 31 followed by EU
trade negotiations with a deadline in December is only one of a raft of
questions facing the government – some
fairly obvious from the election campaign but others with deeper and
longer-term significance as outlined
here by Trisha de
Borchgrave, artist and daughter of prominent long-time U.S. journalist Arnaud
de Borchgrave. This includes the possible fragmentation of the United
Kingdom as Scotland’s First Minister Nicola
Sturgeon seeks a new referendum on independence and leads the SNP as the
third largest party in the UK Parliament with 48 seats - all but eight of
Scotland’s 56 seats. On the other hand, rumblings about increasing
support for a united Ireland leaving the UK may be on hold as Northern
Ireland’s voters seem to be supporting middle-ground politicians.
Meanwhile the Labour party faces a wrenching period of soul
searching and infighting
over both their leadership and political direction and the Liberal
Democrats look for their fifth leader in less than 10 years.
Please also see here for:
Election result
numbers
How
Johnson’s Conservatives won:
https://www.ft.com/content/ab3692b0-2317-11ea-92da-f0c92e957a96
https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/uk/how-boris-johnson-became-britain-s-most-powerful-prime-minister-since-tony-blair-1.4120281
European Parliament lookahead
Just days
before British voters gave Boris Johnson's Conservatives a green light to
exit the European Union, delegates to the AEJ’s 2019 Congress in Paris
were treated to an assessment of the impact of the new European Parliament
from its Secretary-General, Klaus Welle. At Jean Monnet House outside Paris
– a complex devoted to the life and work of one of the fathers of the
EU – Mr. Welle analysed the May 2019 European Parliament
elections held at the height of talks with the UK about Brexit and after open
resistance to EU policies on migration and the rule of law in the four
Visegrad states of central Europe. He said the election results were mixed:
fragmentation of the vote into more separate party groupings meant that at
least three party groupings will be required to pass legislation. But he also
claimed the new parliament has increased democratic legitimacy because the elections reversed
a long-term downward trend in voter turnout. For more on this presentation please see this
report from Charles
Jenkins, AEJ UK member and former Western Europe editor of the Economist
Intelligence Unit.
And AEJ UK member and former RTE journalist Brian O’Connell has this report on the
prospective agendas of the newly-elected political groupings, with Brexit
colouring debate but by no means dominating it.
See here for more Brexit news
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Lunchtime meetings
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Covid-19
Impact
The
AEJ’s regular scheduled lunchtime meetings have had to be paused and
have been replaced by online meetings for the last few months.
Regent’s University – our regular host - has suspended all
events and gatherings at their campus including those with the AEJ.
Updates for online events and Regent’s University will be available
by email and on this site.
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AEJ UK meetings usually start at 12:30 and are open to journalists,
academics and Europe specialists and guests. Pre-registration is necessary by
email to cas.jenkins@gmail.com. A fee of £25 is charged to cover
the cost of refreshments - £10 for under-25s and free admission may be
extended to students on a discretionary basis.
Reports on meetings are usually available on this website and our Facebook page.
For a list of our recent
lunchtime guests see Events.
AEJ UK meetings were kindly hosted at Europe House, the London home of the EU
Commission and European Parliament, for
many years. Please see their UK website
for EU events and information.
Recent AEJ UK guests
Governments failing on climate crisis…
says eminent
UK climate scientist, Prof. Sir Robert Watson. Joining the AEJ UK via Zoom from
Washington on September 3, Professor Watson talked frankly and passionately
about the “crisis” of human-induced climate change - he said
governments are not reacting; young people are rightly concerned; greenhouse
gases are increasing despite the Paris Agreement; all the hottest years on
record have been in this century. And this means the threats to human life
include drier weather in arid areas threatening water and food security, more
floods in wet regions and rising sea levels threatening coastal communities.
Sir Robert was chair of the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(1997 – 2002), is emeritus professor at the Tyndall Centre for climate
research at the University of East Anglia, and is currently leading a major
international assessment of the links between Climate Change, Biodiversity
Loss, Land Degradation and Food and Water Security, and how they will affect
human well being. Please see this
full report from AEJ member and former BBC editor and manager Rick
Thompson – and this audio
record of the meeting.
A view from Europe
The AEJ UK held its second virtual
meeting of the coronavirus lockdown on July 3 with Danuta Huebner MEP, a
member of Poland's centre-right Civic Platform and the European People's
Party in the European Parliament, who served previously as an EU Commissioner
and Polish Minister for Europe. Professor Huebner drew on her experiences of
high-level involvement with Polish and European politics over the past two
decades to answer a host of topical questions - the uncertain outlook for
democracy and the rule of law in her native Poland, the impact of the
Covid-19 pandemic on Europe, likely EU-UK relations post-Brexit, and the EU's
relationship with China at a time of unstable leadership in the US.
Please see
this report from former FT correspondent Peter Norman on the wide-ranging
discussion with 28 UK and Irish AEJ members who joined the call.
America in trouble
Veteran
American journalist and columnist Llewellyn King was the online guest from
Washington for the AEJ-UK’s first online Zoom meeting on June 4. The
wave of angry protests and riots that erupted across America following the
police killing of George Floyd in Minneapolis are a “bellow of
rage” against the Trump administration, he said, and the U.S.
“has never been on such a precipitous slope since the Civil War.”
The honorary AEJ member and host and producer of the weekly PBS program
“White House Chronicle” was
joined by 20 AEJ online participants. For more on his analysis please read Peter Norman’s
account of the AEJ’s “Letter from America with Llewellyn
King” event and on King’s
own website.
China
and Asia
China will bounce back from the coronavirus disruption,
probably without any major long-term geopolitical impact. But, says Asia and China scholar
Jeff Kingston, the consequences for President Xi Jinping might be less clear.
Kingston - writer, columnist and Director of Asian Studies at Temple
University Tokyo – briefed an AEJ UK meeting on March 9 2020 on
China’s relationships in Asia. Please see this report on the meeting
from former FT correspondent Peter Norman and this audio recording.
UK cyber security
How is
the UK dealing with threats to cyber security and defending against them? As
Brexit looms and debate continues about potential cyber threats such as the
involvement of China’s Huawei in 5G telecommunications and Russian or
other state interference in democratic processes in the UK and elsewhere,
Nicola Hudson, Director of Policy and Communications at the National Cyber
Security Centre (NCSC), explained the role of her young agency. She told the
AEJ on February 20
2020 the NCSC, formed only 3 years ago, functions in two very different
worlds:
– as an operational division of GCHQ, the UK's signals intelligence
agency
- and at a public level seeking ways of raising awareness of fast growing
cyber threats and devising innovative ways of developing the population's
cyber security skills for the future.
For more on her presentation please see this report from
former FT correspondent Peter Norman and this audio recording.
London
central to UK future relations with EU?
Rory Stewart, former Conservative MP, cabinet minister, and contender
for Conservative party leader, says London could have a "very, very
central" part to play in Britain's future relations with the European
Union. Stewart was an independent candidate for London mayor in elections
scheduled for May 7 2020 but withdrew after they were postponed for a year.
He told an AEJ UK meeting on January 29 that London’s connections and
contributions are crucial to the success of the rest of the UK and it could
act as a bridge between Britain and the EU over the next 10 to 15 years in
areas such as artificial intelligence, robotics and nanotechnology while
still learning from policies in other European cities. For more on his
argument and following discussion please see this report from former FT
correspondent Peter Norman and this
audio recording of the meeting.
See here
for more AEJ UK guest speakers
AEJ Media Freedom Project
The
AEJ works to protect freedom of expression and independent journalism by
bringing issues to the attention of governments and advising
inter-governmental organisations on behalf of our members. The AEJ's Media
Freedom Representative and Vice President is William Horsley, a former BBC foreign
correspondent and the current chairman of the UK section.
Since the AEJ Media
Freedom Survey in 2007 (Goodbye to Freedom?), the AEJ has published Europe-wide
surveys and reports that reveal the erosion of press freedom through physical
assaults, wrongful imprisonment, oppressive laws, and unacceptable political
and commercial pressures.
The AEJ is an observer at the Council of Europe. Since 2 April 2015, it has been one of the
eight partners in the Council's online platform
for early warning of and rapid response to attacks on the
media. For more information, see Media
Freedom.
The AEJ actively
supports the ongoing efforts of UNESCO, the UN Agency with a mandate to safeguard media
freedom, to implement the UN Plan of Action on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity. The AEJ
Media Freedom Representative authored the OSCE's Safety of Journalists Guidebook setting out the obligations of participating states to protect
the security of journalists, including those using the Internet.
Our campaigns and activities can also be tracked on the Media
Freedom and News pages of the international AEJ website, www.aej.org
AEJ and the Council of Europe
The
AEJ takes part in the policy work of the Council of Europe (CoE) on key issues of media freedom as a participant in the steering committee on
Media and Information Society and the Platform
to Promote the Protection of Journalism
and the Safety of Journalists. It works on
behalf of its members across Europe to hold the CoE and its 47 member states
to their commitments on media freedom and freedom of expression.
To read
further, please go to Media
Freedom.
Media visits to the European Parliament
The EP's London Office has a
small budget to offset some of the travel and hotel costs incurred by
journalists when visiting the European Parliament. Only a limited number can
be helped in this way, so you must first be invited by the UK Office before
seeking reimbursement (see EP website).
Briefings
A selection of AEJ-related writings and activities
AEJ
member Rick Thompson’s new book Park Life has just been published
– a diary in praise of urban parks, detailing a year of the wildlife in
his local park by the Avon and tangential thoughts about legends, folklore,
science, climate change, and the health benefits of regular contact with
nature. Park Life is available from many booksellers including The
Book Depository, Amazon, Waterstones, Foyles and all leading online
booksellers.
AEJ
member Charles Jenkins, former Western Europe editor of the Economist
Intelligence Unit, blogs on Europe at https://eupriorities.ideasoneurope.eu/
Firdevs
Robinson’s writing is now accessible on FirdevsTalkTurkey.com
William Horsley blogs on the Centre
for Freedom of the Media website.
Long-time AEJ member – and journalist, author and politician –
Jonathan Fryer is the Liberal Democrat Brexit spokesman for London. Please
see his blog here.
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News
Freedom of expression under
growing threat in Turkey
The AEJ has joined 10 other
international media freedom, journalism and human rights groups to warn of a growing
crisis for freedom of expression in Turkey. The group coalition says the
situation is getting worse amid growing state capture of media, the lack of
independence of regulatory institutions, and a new social media law designed
to clamp down on the remaining spaces for free comment. The coalition
highlighted the continued jailing and prosecution of journalists as well as
ongoing concerns over the safety of journalists and judicial independence.
The warning came after a four-day mission to Turkey for hybrid online/offline
meetings in Istanbul and Ankara with journalists, civil society, members of
parliament, the judiciary and other authorities to assess the newest threats
to independent journalism, which this year have included detentions and
criminal investigations of journalists who reported on the country’s
management of the Covid-19 pandemic. It was led by the International Press
Institute(IPI) and included representatives from ARTICLE 19, the Association
of European Journalists (AEJ), the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ),
the European Centre for Press and Media Freedom (ECPMF), the European
Federation of Journalists (EFJ), Human Rights Watch (HRW), Osservatorio Balcani e Caucaso Transeuropa (OBC Transeuropa), PEN International, Reporters without
Borders (RSF) and the South East Europe Media Organisation (SEEMO).
Please find the whole
statement here.
Growing dangers to media freedom
in Bulgaria
The AEJ Bulgaria is highly critical
of growing dangers to media freedom in Bulgaria in its annual media
freedom survey. It highlights dangerous trends arising from external
pressures on free and independent media from political and business forces,
national and local government, and advertisers. And it says stagnation is a
fitting description for the current state of the media environment in
Bulgaria in 2020 - a snapshot from the replies of the respondents is almost
identical to that in 2015. Nearly one out of two Bulgarian journalists
described the situation in the media industry as “poor” or
“very poor”, with a mere 3% of respondents describing it as
“excellent”. Please see the full report Journalism Without Masks,
2020 Annual Survey Of Media in Bulgaria here
on the AEJ Bulgaria website.
How
journalists handle political pressure and threats
A new book
co-authored by AEJ UK chairman William Horsley explores the extraordinary
experiences, persecution and courageous work of 20
frontline journalists across Europe. With co-author Marilyn Clark, associate
professor of psychology at the University of Malta, the writers hope to
provide a new rationale and impetus for protecting journalists more
effectively from physical and legal attacks, exclusion and online harassment,
and the impact of climates of impunity when journalists are attacked or
murdered. The book “A
Mission to Inform: Journalists at risk speak out” was launched
on October 14 coinciding with the third anniversary of the death of
Maltese investigative journalist Daphne Caruana Galizia.
It includes the last interview she gave, available
here – only 10 days before she was killed while reporting on
corruption issues. On the anniversary of her death on October 16 2017, the AEJ added its voice to 19
other organisations supporting journalists, international free expression,
anti-corruption, and civic participation in demanding an end to impunity from
prosecution for the attack.
The new book is based on “in-depth interviews with 20 journalists from
18 different countries selected for their experience and skill in reporting
in the public interest and exposing injustice and abuses. Each … shared
their insights into the realities of doing cutting-edge journalism to bring
the truth to light; they spoke about their first-hand experience of threats,
hostility and intimidation, surveillance and cyberattacks, and about self-censorship,
resilience and coping strategies, as well as about what they portray as
routine failures by state authorities to give journalists the protection they
need to fulfil their public watchdog role.” It is published
by the Council of Europe and the foreword by the COE’s Director
General of Human Rights and Rule of Law notes that journalists across member
states face various forms of pressure and intimidation meant to silence and
hinder their ‘mission to inform’ - “worrying given that
democratic societies can only function if media actors can report on matters
of public interest without interference and without fear”. The COE notes that the book is a
follow up to a study in 2017 involving nearly 1000 questionnaires answered by
journalists which revealed grave statistics concerning the risks they faced.
“A Mission to Inform: Journalists at risk speak out” is aimed at
analysing how journalists responded to pressures exerted on them and what
solutions they found to overcome fear and continue being able to fulfil their
public watchdog mission.
Nagorno-Karabakh fighting
threatens journalists
The AEJ Armenia reports multiple
attacks on journalists in the last five days of renewed
military conflict between Armenia and neighbouring Azerbaijan. And the
Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights has
emphasized the need for objective reporting on the fighting which threatens
human rights. Liana Sayadyan of AEJ Armenia and deputy editor of Yerevan
based Hetq Online says drone and shelling attacks have targeted journalists
as shown in the following reports:
- September 28 a drone
pursued Armenian journalists
- October 1 four media workers were injured in shelling - an Armenian journalist and cameraman and two Le Monde journalists.
- An Agence
France-Press car was shelled.
Hetq Online, published
by the Association of Investigative Journalists NGO, has continuing coverage
of the dispute. Fighting
flared on Sunday after months of rising tension over the disputed
territory of Nagorno-Karabakh, internationally recognized as part of
Azerbaijan but governed by ethnic Armenians who claim a separate state. Both
Azerbaijan and Armenia have rejected calls for a
ceasefire and there are concerns it risks a wider war
in the Caucacus.
Belarus – the future
The AEJ has called for a
strong, concerted international response against violent suppression of free
media in Belarus. On September 3 AEJ media freedom representative William
Horsley and AEJ president Otmar Lahodynsky condemned the Belarusian
authorities’ violent suppression of free media, targeted attacks
against journalists, and the denial of accreditations and deportations of
large numbers of journalists. The AEJ said those and other arbitrary actions
have been taken to prevent journalists from reporting on legitimate protests
against alleged election fraud and other government abuses. AEJ president
Otmar Lahodynsky also has this
look at EU relations with Belarus.
Meanwhile Belarus President Alexander Lukashenko arranged
a surprise swearing in for a new term as president, sparking further
protest demonstrations. He also got a
major loan offer from Russian president Vladimir Putin a day after
protesters took to the streets to oppose it and faced criticism at the UN
human rights council.
Mass demonstrations
have continued in Belarus to protest against elections on August 9 widely
considered as rigged and Lukashenko’s subsequent crackdown.
The media – both outside and inside Belarus – have played
a key role in the struggle for the immediate future of the land between
Russia and the EU – as detailed here below.
Geopolitically, the EU, neighbouring Baltic states, President Alexander
Lukashenko, and the Belarus opposition have all moved since mid-August to
position themselves for influence.
·
The
EU on August 19 agreed
on sanctions against Lukashenko’s government and backed widespread
internal protests against elections widely considered as rigged 10 days
earlier.
·
Baltic
states have actually imposed their own
sanctions.
·
Lukashenko
moved tanks to his western borders with the EU’s Baltic states and
ordered his interior ministry to stop the protests.
·
Opposition
figurehead Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya – in refuge in neighbouring
Lithuania – announced a council to coordinate
the transfer of power.
Beneath the political moves and rhetoric there were
some signs and much analysis about possible mediated solutions. German
Chancellor Angela Merkel said Lukashenko
should be part of talks for a political settlement and Lukashenko himself
had said earlier he could
hold new elections and consider changes to the constitution. There was of
course much foreign reporting and analysis – here for example in the
UK’s Financial
Times, the Washington
Post, the Christian
Science Monitor, London’s The
Guardian, and Hong Kong’s South
China Morning Post. And analysis of Putin’s options from the
Washington-based Council
on Foreign Relations, the Washington Post-owned Foreign
Policy, and even from inside Russia in the Moscow-based English language Moscow
Times.
It is Russia that holds the key
cards and it’s playing those close to the chest. First it warned
EU countries not to interfere and earlier agreed
to Lukashenko’s request for help. Vladimir Putin’s reactions
have mostly seemed low key as his
government has some
difficult choices. He already faces internal
problems from opposition politicians and protests
in his own far east. There has of course been the poisoning
of Alexei Navalny, Putin’s biggest
critic, released by Russia and flown urgently from Russia to Germany for
treatment. Germany
said he was poisoned by a Novichok chemical agent – the same poison
used on former Russian agent Sergei Skripal in the UK – and Russia
needs to answer questions. Belarus President
Lukashenko said he has intercepted German phone calls proving the Navalny
poisoning claim is fake. In the meantime Russia was reinforcing
close ties with Belarus and potentially seeking
economic benefits it has pursued for some time. The United States is apparently
on the sidelines, leaving neighbouring
Baltic states, the EU, and the Belarus opposition
calling for action but constrained in their ability to take it. Inside
Belarus protests
have continued regularly as Lukashenko has tried to reassert his power,
apparently retaining the support of police and security forces and at least
some state enterprises and workers, reimposing a crackdown on
protesters, questioning and imprisoning
members of the Coordination Council set up by opposition activists in an
attempt to negotiate a transition of power, and pressuring local
and foreign reporters.
Belarus – the media
The AEJ said on one day alone - August 27 - 47
local and foreign journalists were reportedly detained for several hours and
forcibly taken away in police buses to a Ministry of the Interior building,
preventing them from covering peaceful protests that took place that day in
the centre of Minsk. On August 31 the Belarussian Association of Journalists
reported nine new cases of the detention of journalists, raising the total
number of cases of violent attacks and detentions of journalists since 9
August to 141. About 20 journalists working for foreign news outlets
including the BBC, Reuters, AP and AFP, ARD, Deutsche Welle and Radio Free
Europe/Radio Liberty, have had their accreditation cancelled and been
deported. After two journalists working for the BBC’s Russian Service
were barred and deported the BBC condemned ‘in the strongest possible
terms this stifling of independent journalism’. The AEJ condemned the
use by Belarus authorities of violent force, beatings and other assaults
against dozens of journalists, both in public or in places of police
detention, and numerous reported cases of brutal sexual assault, torture and
beatings against protesters who were arrested and detained.
But perhaps television
screens across Belarus best made the point on the morning of Monday
August 17 –an empty news studio greeted viewers on the country’s
main channel Belarus One. 300 of the state tv channel’s 2000 workers
went on strike against besieged Lukashenko. They were not the first
journalists to protest as others
inside Belarus had previously taken a stand. And some independent media
such as www.tut.by reported on the growing street
protests and Lukashenko’s crackdown. In the first days
particularly, how Belarusians got their information despite an internet
blackout and no obvious leader is a fascinating story of today’s
digital media detailed
here by Wired magazine. At the same time, interestingly, the Russian state news agency Tass stayed
relatively neutral in its coverage and Russian media in general reported
the story widely. In the west there were growing calls for action because
of human rights and media freedom violations. The EU’s move towards
sanctions came after calls
from Reporters sans Frontieres (RSF) and EU
Commissioner Ursula von der Leyen. RSF said it was “appalled by the
unprecedented scale of the crackdown” on journalists and called on the EU
to condemn the repression and sanction those responsible. Amnesty
International similarly protested against the arrests and Latvian-based Meduza
which reports on Russia and the former Soviet Union detailed many of
them.
AEJ
journalist wins Pulitzer Prize
Bulgarian journalist Boryana Dzambazova, a member of the AEJ Bulgaria
management board, has won a 2020 Pulitzer Prize in International Reporting
for a New York Times investigation into actions of the Russian secret
services. Please see
here for more.
AEJ actions on media freedom
The AEJ has
played an active part with other media freedom organisations throughout 2020
to highlight attempts by some European states to use the covid pandemic as a
pretext to suppress independent media voices. And in a number of cases forced
governments to reverse their actions or take account of public criticism of
attempts to constrain media freedom. A report on these actions is available here
from William Horsley, AEJ media freedom representative and UK chairman.
Continuing struggles for media freedom worldwide
The struggle to
maintain and preserve media freedom continues around the world.
In Hungary the AEJ is among 16 groups which have urged the EU Competition
Commissioner Margrethe Vestager to take action in response to complaints
that the Hungarian government has violated EU state aid rules on abuse of
state advertising and aid to public broadcaster to undermine media pluralism.
Earlier it raised an alarm
against the destruction of Hungary’s independent Index news portal. It
has expressed support for Szabolcs Dull who was dismissed as editor in chief
and for all the Index journalists who resigned, accusing the government of
political interference. The sudden sacking came after allies of prime
minister Viktor Orban took a controlling interest in the ownership of the
online Index news website, Hungary’s leading source of independent news
and political comment.
In
Bulgaria the AEJ has condemned unprovoked violence against a reporter for
Radio Free Europe by security guards and delegates at a national conference
of the ruling party.
And in The Philippines, Reporters Without Borders (RSF) and
other NGOs have opened a petition calling for the Philippine government
to drop all charges and cases against Maria Ressa, the award-winning
journalist and editor of Rappler, and to end pressure on independent media in
the Philippines. Maria Ressa was awarded the UNESCO World Press Freedom Prize
for her courageous work and journalistic leadership. President Duterte has
declared that journalists are “not exempt from assassination” and
his government has sought to close down leading independent media and
imprison respected journalists, including Ressa, who with her colleague
Reynaldo Santos Jr was convicted on “cyber libel” charges.
Fake news updates
Two key characters in the ongoing fake news
saga of the last few years are now facing forms of justice. In the UK,
Alexander Nix the former head of Cambridge Analytica has
been banned from running any limited liability company for seven years.
And in the USA, right-wing promoter and former Trump chief strategist Steve
Bannon has been charged
with fraud.
The Cambridge Analytica story first looked like a plotline straight
out of the U.S. TV series Homeland – allegations of an illegal data
grab used to manipulate national votes in both the U.S. presidential election
and the UK referendum on leaving the European Union. But it was life once
again imitating art – sparked by an investigative report published in mid-March 2018 by The Observer newspaper
and shared with the UK’s Channel 4 television and the New York Times.
For more please see here.
Justice for Daphne?
It’s been 1000 days since the
assassination of Maltese investigative journalist Daphne Caruana Galizia. And
justice has yet to be served as more disturbing revelations of state
corruption and impunity have underscored the weaknesses in Malta’s rule
of law, and the entrenched impunity for both the murder of Caruana Galizia
and the high-level abuses of power she investigated. Marking this shocking
landmark the AEJ joined 12 other media freedom organisations on July 12 in
again calling for justice. For more please see
https://www.aej.org/page.asp?p_id=737.
Malta has a new
prime minister and the country’s police chief has
resigned in the ongoing scandal but there remain many questions. Aljazeera
has this report and AEJ UK member and former BBC journalist Firdevs
Robinson has
this look at breaks in the story. On Nov. 20 2019 one of the
country’s richest men, gambling and property entrepreneur Yorgen
Fenech, was arrested and in court two weeks later accused
of being the brains behind the killing. He’s denied the charges and
blamed allies of the prime minister. Two of them resigned and in the face of major
street protests Prime Minister Joseph Muscat said he
would resign. His government spent two years stonewalling any genuine
investigation and far longer rejecting accusations
of widespread money laundering, political corruption and cronyism.
Media Freedom in the Commonwealth?
”It’s never been so bad, ” says the publisher
of Africa Today. Nigerian journalist Kayode Soyinka thus summed up the wide
consensus that emerged from a media freedom panel discussion during the
Taking Stock of the Commonwealth day-long global webinar on 24 June. The
event was organised by the Institute of Commonwealth Studies as a
“virtual tour of the Commonwealth and its challenges” and took
place on the exact date when the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting
(CHOGM) had been due to open in Rwanda. The biennial summit was postponed
because of the Covid-19 pandemic. For more please see
this report from AEJ UK chairman and international media freedom
representative William Horsley.
Attacks on media risk a New Normal
The 2020
annual media freedom report warns that attacks on press freedom in Europe
risk creating a new normal as the Covid-19 pandemic has accelerated a growing
pattern of intimidation to silence journalists on the continent. These
attacks underscore the report’s
urgent wake-up call for Council of Europe member states to act quickly
and resolutely to end the assault against press freedom, so that journalists
and other media actors can report without fear. The 14 international media
freedom groups and journalists’ organisations –the AEJ, Article 19,
Committee to Protect Journalists, EBU, EFJ/IFJ, European Centre for Press and
Media Freedom, Free Press Unlimited, Index on Censorship, INSI, IPI, PEN
International, Reporters Without Borders, Rory Peck Trust – warn
of a growing pattern of intimidation to silence journalists on the continent
through attacks, intimidation, media ‘capture’ and sweeping
emergency laws that are open to abuse and severely restrict the media’s
ability to hold state power to account.
Urgent call to stop
violent attacks against journalists covering migrants’ arrival in
Greece
The AEJ has joined an appeal to
safeguard journalists reporting on migrants trying to seek safety in Greece.
European Parliament struggles to reach
budget agreement
Is the ghost of Margaret
Thatcher’s “We want our money back!” holding back agreement
on the EU’s financial future? Members of the European Parliament
struggled over the EU’s budget for 2021 to 2027. And in a faint echo of
the UK’s long-running debate over Europe, some are focussed on how to
weigh each member state’s net contributions against their benefits
while others want to concentrate on furthering the all-important priorities
of the EU in its domestic and external strategy for the next seven years.
These issues were highlighted in an AEJ seminar in Brussels on February 18
and 19 as this report
by AEJ UK’s Secretary Charles Jenkins explains.
Concerns about UK government media
management
The AEJ has joined
widespread criticism of the new UK government’s attempts to control and
manage media access, tactics that echo Donald Trump. And it’s called on
Prime Minister Boris Johnson’s government to end at once its restrictive
and partisan media policies.
“The UK government has laid itself open to the charge of
hypocrisy,” said William Horsley, the AEJ’s Media Freedom
Representative and AEJ UK chair, “by seeking to evade the robust media
scrutiny of its actions by independent media that is essential in an open
society, while it also claims to be acting as a champion of media freedom to
the rest of the world.”
More than 60,000 people have signed an online
petition urging the government to stop blocking media scrutiny.
On Feb. 3 - the first working day
after the UK officially left the EU – all British political journalists
at an official briefing arranged at the Downing Street residence of the prime
minister walked
out to protest the government’s decision to separate and exclude
critical media on an arbitrary basis. The prime minister’s staff had
invited selected political journalists to a “technical briefing”
on Boris Johnson’s plans for a trade deal with the EU. When other
members of the Westminster “lobby” – full-time political
journalists based in the Houses of Parliament –showed up as well, the
group was told only those invited could go in and the rest should leave. All
the journalists present including those specifically invited then walked out.
The prime minister’s aides claimed favoured journalists are routinely
being granted special access to some press briefings a part of an
“inner lobby” while others, essentially those considered
opponents of the government, are excluded. That even included Press
Association, the UK’s national news agency.
“We reserve the right to brief whoever we like, whenever we
like”, said Lee Cain, the prime minister’s communications
director.
The political editor of Fleet Street
tabloid Daily Mirror, Pippa
Crerar, called the exclusion “sinister and sad”.
Answering
questions in the House of Commons the prime minister claimed he loved
journalism – he was once sacked from a reporting job at The Times
for making up a quote.
Please see here for more
on this.
AEJ conference
and call for media freedom
The international
Association of European Journalists opened its annual conference on Friday
Dec. 6 in Paris. Europe is no longer a completely safe place for journalists
or media freedom and panel discussions highlighted the acute threats and the
vital role of the media in the democratic process with conclusions and
recommendations from the meeting to be communicated to the relevant
authorities in UNESCO, the Council of Europe and the European Union. For one
example of the issues being faced please see this presentation on
failing media freedoms in Poland from Krzysztof Bobinski of the AEJ
Poland. The conference also led a call to
respect press freedom and journalistic independence from all the national
sections of the AEJ, Reporters Without Borders, the European Federation of
Journalists, the European Centre for Press and Media Freedom, and the South
East Europe Media Organisation.
Please see this
AEJ newsletter for more on
the conference.
AEJ co-signs Open Letter for upgraded efforts to protect media freedom
The AEJ has co-signed a letter to the new Council of Europe
Secretary-General for upgraded measures to stop criminalizing and demonising
journalists, counter the toxic atmosphere of hostility to the media, and
stamp out impunity. For more please see here.
AEJ joins call for new European Commission President to prioritize press
freedom
The AEJ joined the Committee to
Protect Journalists and others to ask the new President of the European
Commission to make key media issues a policy priority for the EU. The AEJ is
among 20 media and press freedom organisations urging Ursula von der Leyen to
take action on media freedom, journalists’ safety and access to public
information. For more please see
this on the AEJ International website.
See here
for more news
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